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Psychology and Education

Posted by Unknown Senin, 23 Desember 2013 0 komentar

In psychology and education , learning is commonly defined as a process that brings together cognitive , emotional , and environmental influences and experiences for acquiring , enhancing , or making changes to 's knowledge of , skills , values , and worldviews ( Illeris , 2000; Ormorod , 1995) .

Learning as a process focuses on what happens when the learning takes place . An explanation of what happened is learning theories . Learning theory is an attempt to describe how people and animals learn , thereby helping us understand the inherently complex process of learning . ( Wikipedia )

Constructivism Learning Theory

Construction constructive means , in the context of educational philosophy can be interpreted Constructivism is an effort to build the arrangement of modern civilized life.

Constructivism is the foundation of thinking ( philosophy ) contextual learning is that knowledge is built by humans bit by bit , the result is expanded through a limited context and not suddenly .

Knowledge is not a set of facts , concepts , or rules that are ready to be picked up and remembered . Man must construct knowledge and give real meaning through experience .

With the theory of constructivism students can think to resolve the problem , look for ideas and make decisions . Students will understand because they are directly involved in mebina new knowledge , they will be able mengapliklasikannya pahamdan in all situations . Selian that students engage directly with active , they will be remembered much longer all the concepts .

Posted by' Haryanto, S.Pd onNovember 3, 2010

Language ( Cognitive Psychology )

Posted by Unknown 0 komentar

Still not far from the previous topic , that is, the language and his minions . Humans are creatures of god that was amazing. One proof is the way humans have evolved the ability to learn languages more easily than other species . At least the man is capable of knowing approximately 60,000 words .

One of the most important differences between humans and lower animals to humans is the facility to communicate with each other . There are two aspects to be able to communicate : First , aspects of sensory ( input language ) , which is looking ears and eyes , and second , the motor aspects ( language output ) , involving vocalizations and settings.

In the human brain , there are two areas that affect the human input and the output of the language . The areas identified as Wernicke's and Broca . Wernicke's area affects human input or acceptance of the language . This may be due to the region located between vision areas ( located in the back portion of the brain ) and auditory ( located at the edge portion of the brain ) . Broca's area also affect the output of one's language in terms of pronunciation and have included the preparation of the paragraph . Perhaps due to this region is located adjacent to the motor areas that affect human action .

Sensory Aspects In Communication

In this section , discusses that the damage in the auditory association area and visual association areas in the cortex may lead to an inability to understand the words that are spoken and written words . This effect is referred to respectively as receptive aphasia receptive aphasia auditory and visual , or more generally , deaf and blind words words (also called dyslexia ) .

Motor aspects komonikasi

The process involves talking main stage of mental activity :

- 1.Membemtuk ideas expressed in the following weeks to choose the words that will be used - 2.Mengatur motor vocalizations and the real work of vocalization was sendiri.Pembentuan the ideas and even the choice of words is a function of the sensory areas of the brain.

Wernicke aphasia and global aphasia

Some people are able to understand the words that are pronounced or written napun unable menginterpretasiskan express the state of mind in this area contained warnike contained in the superior temporal gyrus pasterior in the dominant hemisphere damage or destruction therefore , the type afasiah wernike.

Broca's motor aphasia due to loss

Sometimes , the patient is able to determine what dikatakanya dikatan what you want , but you can not set the vocal system to generate words ribut.Oleh skill patterns are used to regulate the larynx , mouth lip repair systems and other muscles used to talk

Articulation

Work articulation which means working movement of the muscles of the mouth, tongue , larynx , vocal cords and so on , which are responsible for intonation , timing and rapid changes in the intensity of the sound sequence.

Reference :

- Solso , Robert L. Cognitive dkk.2007.Psikologi kedelapan.Jakarata edition : McGraw

- Kalat , JW2012.Biopsikologi.Jakarta : Salemba Humanika

Environment and Development Neuroscience ( Cognitive Psychology )

Posted by Unknown 0 komentar

This time I will discuss about the environment and neural development . I will review it from a little book that I read , the book written from Solso et al . In a masterpiece of the Environment explained that influence brain development and cognitive development . The evidence on this subject in the show from the research , which is typically , animals experiencing sensory isolation can not live in a normal situation , even though everything is fulfilled . Brain size also seems to be influenced by the environment , as proven that pets have a smaller cortical area 10 to 20 % in comparison to wild animals . In human infants raised in a poor neighborhood of stimulation , such as the popular examples of children in foster care by wolves ( sing and zing , 1940) , does not seem able to deal with new experiences .

Initial stimulatory effect on cognitive function , of course, very important . fungisional validation term used to express the idea that the stimulation in the need to ensure that the nervous system will function optimally . some experimental results indicate that stimulation -rich environment that is able to increase the size of the neocortex of the brain . in other cases , the stimulation will cause the child to have a remarkable resilience , while some form of impoverishment may occur due to changes in the environment.

Of these masterpieces can take important points , such that , from these results we can conclude that the environment affects cognition, brain size , and brain development , then stimulation is necessary to ensure that the nervous system will function optimally . third , early stimulation effects on cognitive function is critical . Finally, the research evidence is a rich environment stimulation can increase the size of the neocortex of the brain . So from me . May be useful .

Reference : - Solso , Robert L. Cognitive dkk.2007.Psikologi kedelapan.Jakarata edition : McGraw

Emergence Emotion

Posted by Unknown Jumat, 18 Oktober 2013 0 komentar

Generating Emotions stimuli . To observe a sitmuli needed the emotional event as a starting base . Thus the whole event instead of emotion not until the emergence of feelings and impulses as well as the speeches of physical and physiological work through the nervous system takes place automatically . For the onset of emotional events can occur , stimuli must be connected with the interest and the will . For example , if someone directs his interest to an individual , object or a situation , it will be there the possibility of a potential emotional reactions so that he distimuli by those things where he menruh attention to it .

Stimuli that evoke an emotion one can not cause other emotions at the same time . But stimuli that one can only evoke different emotions and even opposite emosiyang at different times . But it is not a must seiap stimuli received by an individual will result in commensurate with the influence of reaction it generates . Punch can evoke emotions in the form of affection for a while ; while others can only stimulate a sense of fear , anger or hate .

The intensity and duration of emotional speeches are determined by the physical and mental state of the individual and is also determined by the hard and strong stimuli that cause it . Emotions that apparently lasts longer cenderng all stimuli exists and is active . The loss or disappearance of stimuli means clear emotion . This assumption shows how quickly perubahanperimbangan that may occur in emotional reactions . Also it helps to explain why an individual can have an emotional nature in the form of hatred at a time , while the same stimuli can experience strong affection at the next and so on.The teachers have a lot to learn how to present new stimuli or direct attention to their students in activities that are interesting if a situation occurs that lethargic in class . Similarly, the mothers also have long learned and how it should be done to relieve the quickest time crying baby or fear in the sense that it can easily be given the meaning given stimuli change . Then given kepdanya gesture of affection or a new game , so that children be eased soon vanished from his depression and emotional behavior all untoward .

Source : http://id.shvoong.com/humanities/philosophy/2056127-konsep-psikologi-tentang-emosi/#ixzz2Q1HNKWjE

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