Lesbianism, Lifestyle or Sexual Abnormalities?
Selasa, 24 Desember 2013
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komentar
In Indonesia, Lesbianism apparently
developed rapidly in the social area. In the past, women lesbian best to hide
his true identity, but this time they come together in a container or
organization that everyone can know. See, lesbian groups scattered around
Facebook and other adult sites. So the question is, whether Lesbianism is
currently a lifestyle? Is not an abnormality or lesbian sexual deviance? Before
concluding, World of Psychology blog will be trying to look into what it is
lesbianism.
Psychologist John Buss estimates that 2% of the women is a lesbian (Buss, 2004). Maybe not anymore! The latest survey of teenage girls and young women found that about nearly 15% of young women today identify themselves as lesbian, compared with about 5% of young men who identify as gay (Ritch Savin-Williams and Geoffrey L. Ream, 2007).
Researchers at Cornell University, to collect a representative sample of young women that includes more than 20,000 people in 80 communities across the United States, found that 85.1% of young women identified as heterosexual, 0.5% reported no sexual identity, and 14.4% were lesbian or bisexual. Among young men, 94.0% identified themselves as heterosexual, 0.4% of men reported no sexual identity, and 5.6% were identified as gay or bisexual.
Do not worry they will study in America. Proportion in Indonesia could be less or even higher, because of the culture (customs, environment, religion, etc.) affect research involving sexual orientation. As seen in Europe, for example, in Norway, more than 20% of girls and young women identified as lesbian (L. Wichstrøm and K. Hegna, 2003)
Lesbian and Changes in Psychological Perspective
Lesbianism is derived from the word Lesbos. Lesbos is the designation for an island amid Egeis Ocean, which in ancient times was inhabited by women (in Kartono, 1985). Homosexuality among women referred with lesbis love or lesbianism. Indeed, at the age of puberty, the individual appears predisposition (nature, tendency) bisexual, namely love of a friend's daughter, at once loving friend of a man.
Psychology is one of the first disciplines to study homosexuality as a phenomenon. Before and during most of the 20th century, see homosexuality as a psychological model of pathological behavior. Before the 1970s, many psychological studies concluded that homosexual behavior is abnormal. Most of the study subjects were gay men and lesbians; majority of research subjects drawn from prisons, psychiatric hospitals and consulting psychologists. This study has been criticized because the sample taken is the subject of the 'distressed', poor people, minorities lifestyle, etc., is not representative of a population.
Beginning with a protest by gay activists, aided by many psychiatric convention held in San Francisco that discusses gay rights. In the mid-1970s, there has been a significant shift in the psychology of homosexuals, who think that homosexuals and lesbians are in the range of 'normal' human behavior. The climax is a homosexual discharged from the American Psychiatric Association's (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), or better known as the DSM-III.
Data from researchers such as Alfred Kinsey and Evelyn Hooker, and after a vote by APA committee in 1973, which was confirmed by the APA membership in 1974, concluded that homosexuality is no longer including mental disorders, but "disorder of sexual orientation (sexual orientation disturbance) ( Spitzer RL, 1981). "
In 1975, the American Psychological Association (APA) released the official policy that homosexuality is not a mental disorder (mental disorders), and mental health professionals urged to take steps to eliminate the stigma of 'mental illness' that has long been associated with gay and lesbian.
Lesbian and Sexuality
Many think of the physical if the woman is a lesbian tomboy mostly, of course not. More than 16% of heterosexual women also reported as girls become tomboys. Only 3-4% of the heterosexual men reported 'to' sissy when young. So if you called a sissy (remember it and are willing to admit it) is a stronger predictor than being homosexual is called a tomboy.
Defining both sexual activity and social identity of a lesbian until now it continues to be debated. According to feminist writer Naomi McCormick (1994), an indicator of lesbian sexual orientation is sexual experience with another woman. However, McCormick states refuse sex between women, which emphasizes the emotional connection, support, sensitivity, and idealistic closeness between women is the most important part rather than sexual intercourse. The views of the lesbian feminist (Anti-Pornography Feminism) is actually never challenged before by lesbian sexually-oriented ('Pro-Sex' Feminism) in the 1980s, known for "Sex Wars" (Duggan, Lisa and Nan D. Hunter. 2006 ).
Many of us are curious about the lesbian sexual orientation. What makes a lesbian? Not exactly known what causes someone to be gay and lesbian, but research shows that it is based on individual biological factors. Sexual orientation is usually seen started puberty. Although sexual orientation began to develop before birth, tend to change during a person's life. Naum some are considered more dominant environmental factors.
In the past, to find out the lesbian or gay person to use a measuring tool called the Kinsey Scale. Alfred Kinsey (a psychologist who helped fight for gay rights) developed the Kinsey Scale as a way to describe a person's sexual orientation. Kinsey found that many people are not exclusively gay or lesbian, but their sexual orientation can be in between. Kinsey Scale categories, among others:
0 - exclusively heterosexual
1 - predominantly heterosexual, homosexual infrequently
2 - predominantly heterosexual, but more infrequently than homosexual
3 - Equally heterosexual and homosexual (bisexual)
4 - predominantly homosexual, but more infrequently than heterosexual
5 - predominantly homosexual, heterosexual infrequently
6 - exclusively homosexual
Today, many researchers consider the Kinsey Scale is too simple. They argue that each person's sexual orientation may be more complex than the label given basic Kinsey. Every person is different and each person's sexual orientation is unique. People can choose to label their sexual orientation they want (being gay, lesbian or bisexual) and many people choose not to label at all (AntiSeks). Like most people in the western culture, which taught that heterosexuality is an innate quality in all people. When a woman is aware of sexual attraction and romantic another woman, then adopted the identity of a lesbian, challenging what society offered in stereotypes about heterosexual.
So if Lesbianism is a sexual abnormality or lifestyle? Many constructive criticism given to the World of Psychology blog while writing this article. Previously we also clarify never mentions lesbians is a mental disorder (mental disorder). For many readers, the word Sexual abnormalities may be considered the same as Mental Disorders (Mental Disorder). Though there is no intention at all to equate lesbians as a mental disorder.
We surrender completely to the reader, and that should be remembered is the fact that before concluding the lesbian into a lifestyle of women as a gender issue intensified. Accused them of sexual abnormalities are also too naive, because there has been no research lesbians in Indonesia. It could be due to the increasing number of lesbian Indonesia 'inability' of men putting women in its proper place. God bissawab.
Psychologist John Buss estimates that 2% of the women is a lesbian (Buss, 2004). Maybe not anymore! The latest survey of teenage girls and young women found that about nearly 15% of young women today identify themselves as lesbian, compared with about 5% of young men who identify as gay (Ritch Savin-Williams and Geoffrey L. Ream, 2007).
Researchers at Cornell University, to collect a representative sample of young women that includes more than 20,000 people in 80 communities across the United States, found that 85.1% of young women identified as heterosexual, 0.5% reported no sexual identity, and 14.4% were lesbian or bisexual. Among young men, 94.0% identified themselves as heterosexual, 0.4% of men reported no sexual identity, and 5.6% were identified as gay or bisexual.
Do not worry they will study in America. Proportion in Indonesia could be less or even higher, because of the culture (customs, environment, religion, etc.) affect research involving sexual orientation. As seen in Europe, for example, in Norway, more than 20% of girls and young women identified as lesbian (L. Wichstrøm and K. Hegna, 2003)
Lesbian and Changes in Psychological Perspective
Lesbianism is derived from the word Lesbos. Lesbos is the designation for an island amid Egeis Ocean, which in ancient times was inhabited by women (in Kartono, 1985). Homosexuality among women referred with lesbis love or lesbianism. Indeed, at the age of puberty, the individual appears predisposition (nature, tendency) bisexual, namely love of a friend's daughter, at once loving friend of a man.
Psychology is one of the first disciplines to study homosexuality as a phenomenon. Before and during most of the 20th century, see homosexuality as a psychological model of pathological behavior. Before the 1970s, many psychological studies concluded that homosexual behavior is abnormal. Most of the study subjects were gay men and lesbians; majority of research subjects drawn from prisons, psychiatric hospitals and consulting psychologists. This study has been criticized because the sample taken is the subject of the 'distressed', poor people, minorities lifestyle, etc., is not representative of a population.
Beginning with a protest by gay activists, aided by many psychiatric convention held in San Francisco that discusses gay rights. In the mid-1970s, there has been a significant shift in the psychology of homosexuals, who think that homosexuals and lesbians are in the range of 'normal' human behavior. The climax is a homosexual discharged from the American Psychiatric Association's (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), or better known as the DSM-III.
Data from researchers such as Alfred Kinsey and Evelyn Hooker, and after a vote by APA committee in 1973, which was confirmed by the APA membership in 1974, concluded that homosexuality is no longer including mental disorders, but "disorder of sexual orientation (sexual orientation disturbance) ( Spitzer RL, 1981). "
In 1975, the American Psychological Association (APA) released the official policy that homosexuality is not a mental disorder (mental disorders), and mental health professionals urged to take steps to eliminate the stigma of 'mental illness' that has long been associated with gay and lesbian.
Lesbian and Sexuality
Many think of the physical if the woman is a lesbian tomboy mostly, of course not. More than 16% of heterosexual women also reported as girls become tomboys. Only 3-4% of the heterosexual men reported 'to' sissy when young. So if you called a sissy (remember it and are willing to admit it) is a stronger predictor than being homosexual is called a tomboy.
Defining both sexual activity and social identity of a lesbian until now it continues to be debated. According to feminist writer Naomi McCormick (1994), an indicator of lesbian sexual orientation is sexual experience with another woman. However, McCormick states refuse sex between women, which emphasizes the emotional connection, support, sensitivity, and idealistic closeness between women is the most important part rather than sexual intercourse. The views of the lesbian feminist (Anti-Pornography Feminism) is actually never challenged before by lesbian sexually-oriented ('Pro-Sex' Feminism) in the 1980s, known for "Sex Wars" (Duggan, Lisa and Nan D. Hunter. 2006 ).
Many of us are curious about the lesbian sexual orientation. What makes a lesbian? Not exactly known what causes someone to be gay and lesbian, but research shows that it is based on individual biological factors. Sexual orientation is usually seen started puberty. Although sexual orientation began to develop before birth, tend to change during a person's life. Naum some are considered more dominant environmental factors.
In the past, to find out the lesbian or gay person to use a measuring tool called the Kinsey Scale. Alfred Kinsey (a psychologist who helped fight for gay rights) developed the Kinsey Scale as a way to describe a person's sexual orientation. Kinsey found that many people are not exclusively gay or lesbian, but their sexual orientation can be in between. Kinsey Scale categories, among others:
0 - exclusively heterosexual
1 - predominantly heterosexual, homosexual infrequently
2 - predominantly heterosexual, but more infrequently than homosexual
3 - Equally heterosexual and homosexual (bisexual)
4 - predominantly homosexual, but more infrequently than heterosexual
5 - predominantly homosexual, heterosexual infrequently
6 - exclusively homosexual
Today, many researchers consider the Kinsey Scale is too simple. They argue that each person's sexual orientation may be more complex than the label given basic Kinsey. Every person is different and each person's sexual orientation is unique. People can choose to label their sexual orientation they want (being gay, lesbian or bisexual) and many people choose not to label at all (AntiSeks). Like most people in the western culture, which taught that heterosexuality is an innate quality in all people. When a woman is aware of sexual attraction and romantic another woman, then adopted the identity of a lesbian, challenging what society offered in stereotypes about heterosexual.
So if Lesbianism is a sexual abnormality or lifestyle? Many constructive criticism given to the World of Psychology blog while writing this article. Previously we also clarify never mentions lesbians is a mental disorder (mental disorder). For many readers, the word Sexual abnormalities may be considered the same as Mental Disorders (Mental Disorder). Though there is no intention at all to equate lesbians as a mental disorder.
We surrender completely to the reader, and that should be remembered is the fact that before concluding the lesbian into a lifestyle of women as a gender issue intensified. Accused them of sexual abnormalities are also too naive, because there has been no research lesbians in Indonesia. It could be due to the increasing number of lesbian Indonesia 'inability' of men putting women in its proper place. God bissawab.
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