Why Good People Can Be So Evil And Vice Versa
Rabu, 18 Desember 2013
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Philip Zimbardo , in his research
on why good people can turn out to be evil and vice versa , found that there
are three main factors underlying it, namely :
1 . Disposition (can be regarded
as a person's innate personality)
2 . Situations (certain
situations can make people become evil or good)
3 . System (political, economic,
etc. which creates a situation experienced by the people)
Of these three , former
psychology researcher is convinced that someone has evil nature because they
did have a ' seed ' evil since birth . But Zimbardo found that this is not true.
He found that the environment was a bigger factor in making a person becomes
evil. In the 1970s, he experimented a big risk on the matter, namely
"Stanford Prison Experiment".
In these experiments, he asked
for volunteers willing to help play a role as a jailer and inmates for 2 full
weeks . The study involved people who did not have a history of going to jail
or commit any crime, it can be said that they are all good people. From the
beginning of the study, they actually scripted as prisoners, ranging from being
picked up at their homes with a police car and handcuffs from the police, to
the rules in the simulated prison located in the basement of Stanford
University. The first days of the study took place as expected, but in a few
days after that, there are events beyond expectations. The guards began to act
out the instructions on the grounds ' educate ' the prisoners are not disciplined,
followed by a reaction against the prisoner. There's even one prisoner until
tantrums and eventually must be removed from the study because of worry will
find negative effects of the experiment. Due to continuous chaos occurs, the
study concluded in just over a week.
From these studies, Zimbardo drew
the conclusion that environmental factors are factors that are very strong and
dominant in changing someone from good to evil or vice versa discovery against
the old theory that the disposition (personality) is the dominant person in
changing a person's behavior. And of research, Zimbardo offers a solution, ie
heroism or 'heroic' to fight the abominable system and the resulting situation for the good of mankind.
Heroism is not a hero in the
sense that Superman or the things that baffle others. The definition of heroism
is the heroism in the sense that dared to challenge the system that is bad and
focus on solving a bad situation better by being a little 'devian' or different
from others. Zimbardo pointed out that in the case of Abu Ghraib prison, there
is someone who dared to reveal the treatment of human guards are not there to
the media, namely Joe Darby. He dared to bear the terror threats just to do “what
he should do”. And that is what is called the Zimbardo heroism by which he
poured in his book, " The Lucifer Effect”.
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