What Is Processing Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processing?
Minggu, 20 Oktober 2013
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How we can menyenali a pattern that we do not know fully ? ? whether we can identify the father or mother we just caught a glimpse of the distance used clothes ? or we just caught a glimpse of them from behind ? ? or just look at the hands and feet? ? or we recognize these parts because we have become familiar with our parents ? ?There
are two kinds of theories that could explain this , the first is the
theory of bottom- up processing , and the second is the theory of
top-down processing .1 . Processing
Bottom - Up : Is a theory that proposes that an object recognition
process begins with our identification of the specific parts of any part
of an object which can be observed , which became the foundation for
the introduction of the object as a whole . Examples
like the above , we can know our father only with a glimpse of his body
without seeing the whole , well , why we can recognize our fathers
directly only with a glimpse of his limbs ? ? because we make the process of identifying the specific parts of the object that we observe ( our father ) . Such processes included in the bottom- up theory .2.PemprosesanTop
- Down : It is a theory which states that an object recognition process
that we have observed is by starting with a hypothesis about the
identity of a pattern ( the observed object ) , which was followed by
the introduction of parts of the pattern based on the assumptions that
have been made previously .Palmer
( 1975b ) states that in most situations , the interpretation of the
parts and the whole pattern occurs simultaneously between bottom- up and
top-down . Palmer
pointed out in the introduction to the parts of a face with context and
without context , parts of the face can be recognized easily when
placed in the proper context , and parts of the face into a form that is
ambiguous when placed on their own , although it can be recognized as
part the face - equipped with more detailed information ." How can one recognize a face before he first recognized the eyes , nose , mouth , and ears ? ? But how well one can recognize the eyes , nose , mouth , and ears before he knew that these parts are the parts of a face ? ? It
is often referred to as parsing paradox , which includes the
difficulties we encounter when we use the strategy of " bottom up "
(part - whole ) or the strategy of " top-down " ( the whole to the
parts) in a purely interpretative processing . ( 1975b , p . 295-296 ) "Top-down
processing requires a certain amount of time in practice , the
researchers examined the facial recognition has been found that the face
can be interpreted according to its parts and based on the overall
configuration of the part -ships , which is more superior than just the
identification of the parts in recognizing faces . And his partner Susan R. Diamond
( 1977 ) from Harvard University found that children often experience
kesulian use konfigurasional information and often make mistakes when a
new face that they had never known previously shown wearing a cap and a
scarf which was previously worn by someone they know , hats and scarves used
people they know are looked familiar so when used by someone they do
not know , people they do not know it looked familiar to them because
people are wearing hats and scarves which they are known .Such glimpses into processing Bottom - up and top-down processing , may be useful for all readers . amen
Fikri By_Muhammad At- Tamimy
Fikri By_Muhammad At- Tamimy
Referensi
: Solso, Otto Maclin, Kimberly Maclin. Psikologi Kognitif Edisi Kedelapan.
Jakarta. Penerbit Erlangga.
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(12410211) Muhammad Fikri At-Tamimy
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