stage of psychosexual development according to Sigmund Freud
Kamis, 19 Desember 2013
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Sigmund Freud Psychosexual stages of development
1 . Oral phase
In the oral phase , the main source of interaction occurs through the baby's mouth , so the rooting and sucking reflex is very important . The mouth is very important to eat , and the baby comes pleasure from oral stimulation through activities such as tasting and sucking satisfactory . Because the baby is completely dependent on caregivers ( who are responsible for feeding the child ) , infants also develop a sense of trust and comfort through oral stimulation .
The main conflict in this stage is the process of weaning , the child must become less dependent on caregivers . If fixation occurs at this stage , Freud believed the individual would have a problem with dependency or aggression . Oral fixation can lead to problems with drinking , smoking, eating , or biting nails .
2 . phase Anal
In the anal stage , Freud believed that the main focus of the libido was on controlling bladder and bowel movements . The main conflict in this stage is toilet training - the child must learn to control his body needs . Developing this control leads to a sense of achievement and independence .
According to Sigmund Freud , success at this stage depends on the way in which parents approach toilet training . Parents who utilize praise and rewards for using the toilet at the appropriate time encourage positive outcomes and help children feel capable and productive . Freud believed that positive experiences during this stage served as the basis to become competent adults , productive and creative .
However , not all parents provide support and encouragement that children need during this stage . Some parents ' instead punish , ridicule or shame a child for accidents . According to Freud , the response does not match the parent can lead to negative results . If parents take an approach that is too loose , Freud suggested that the anal - expulsive personality could develop in which the individual has , wasteful or destructive personality of a mess . If parents are too strict or begin toilet training too early , Freud believed that a strong personality - analberkembang where the individual is tight , orderly , rigid and obsessive .
3 . phase Phalic
In the phallic stage , the main focus of the libido is on the genitals . The children also found differences between men and women . Freud also believed that boys begin to see their father as a rival for the mother 's affection . Complex Oedipusmenggambarkan want to have a mother 's feelings and the desire to replace ayah.Namun , children are also fears that he will be punished by the father for these feelings , fear Freud called castration anxiety .
The term Electra complex has been used to describe a similar set of feelings experienced by young girls . Freud , however , believed that girls instead experience penis envy .
Finally , the child realizes began to identify with the same - sex parent as a means of vicariously have the other parent . For girls , however , Freud believed that penis envy was never fully resolved and that all women remain somewhat fixated on this stage . Psychologists such as Karen Horney disputed this theory , calling it both inaccurate and demeaning to women . Instead , Horney proposed that men experience feelings of low self-esteem because they can not bear children .
4 . Latent phase
Latent period is a time of exploration in which the sexual energy remains, but directed to other areas such as intellectual pursuits and social interactions . This stage is very important in the development of social and communication skills and confidence .
Freud depicts latens phase as a relatively stable one . No new organizations developing sexuality , and she does not pay much attention to it . For this reason , this phase is not always mentioned in the description of the theory as one stage , but as a separate period .
5 . Genital phase
At the final stage of psychosexual development , the individual develops a strong sexual interest in the opposite sex . Where in the early stages of focusing only on individual needs , the interests of the welfare of others grows during this stage . If the other stages have been completed successfully , the individual should now be well-balanced , warm and caring . The purpose of this phase is to establish a balance between the various spheres of life .
1 . Oral phase
In the oral phase , the main source of interaction occurs through the baby's mouth , so the rooting and sucking reflex is very important . The mouth is very important to eat , and the baby comes pleasure from oral stimulation through activities such as tasting and sucking satisfactory . Because the baby is completely dependent on caregivers ( who are responsible for feeding the child ) , infants also develop a sense of trust and comfort through oral stimulation .
The main conflict in this stage is the process of weaning , the child must become less dependent on caregivers . If fixation occurs at this stage , Freud believed the individual would have a problem with dependency or aggression . Oral fixation can lead to problems with drinking , smoking, eating , or biting nails .
2 . phase Anal
In the anal stage , Freud believed that the main focus of the libido was on controlling bladder and bowel movements . The main conflict in this stage is toilet training - the child must learn to control his body needs . Developing this control leads to a sense of achievement and independence .
According to Sigmund Freud , success at this stage depends on the way in which parents approach toilet training . Parents who utilize praise and rewards for using the toilet at the appropriate time encourage positive outcomes and help children feel capable and productive . Freud believed that positive experiences during this stage served as the basis to become competent adults , productive and creative .
However , not all parents provide support and encouragement that children need during this stage . Some parents ' instead punish , ridicule or shame a child for accidents . According to Freud , the response does not match the parent can lead to negative results . If parents take an approach that is too loose , Freud suggested that the anal - expulsive personality could develop in which the individual has , wasteful or destructive personality of a mess . If parents are too strict or begin toilet training too early , Freud believed that a strong personality - analberkembang where the individual is tight , orderly , rigid and obsessive .
3 . phase Phalic
In the phallic stage , the main focus of the libido is on the genitals . The children also found differences between men and women . Freud also believed that boys begin to see their father as a rival for the mother 's affection . Complex Oedipusmenggambarkan want to have a mother 's feelings and the desire to replace ayah.Namun , children are also fears that he will be punished by the father for these feelings , fear Freud called castration anxiety .
The term Electra complex has been used to describe a similar set of feelings experienced by young girls . Freud , however , believed that girls instead experience penis envy .
Finally , the child realizes began to identify with the same - sex parent as a means of vicariously have the other parent . For girls , however , Freud believed that penis envy was never fully resolved and that all women remain somewhat fixated on this stage . Psychologists such as Karen Horney disputed this theory , calling it both inaccurate and demeaning to women . Instead , Horney proposed that men experience feelings of low self-esteem because they can not bear children .
4 . Latent phase
Latent period is a time of exploration in which the sexual energy remains, but directed to other areas such as intellectual pursuits and social interactions . This stage is very important in the development of social and communication skills and confidence .
Freud depicts latens phase as a relatively stable one . No new organizations developing sexuality , and she does not pay much attention to it . For this reason , this phase is not always mentioned in the description of the theory as one stage , but as a separate period .
5 . Genital phase
At the final stage of psychosexual development , the individual develops a strong sexual interest in the opposite sex . Where in the early stages of focusing only on individual needs , the interests of the welfare of others grows during this stage . If the other stages have been completed successfully , the individual should now be well-balanced , warm and caring . The purpose of this phase is to establish a balance between the various spheres of life .
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(12410211) Muhammad Fikri At-Tamimy
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