Aspects of Early Childhood Development
Senin, 02 Desember 2013
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In
early childhood children experience the golden age (the golden years)
which is the time when children begin to be sensitive / insensitive to
accept a variety of stimuli. Sensitive period for each child is different, along with the rate of growth and development of individual children.
Sensitive period is a time of physical function and psychological maturity are ready to respond to the stimulation provided by the environment. This period is also the period of the foundation stone for developing cognitive abilities, motor, language, socio-emotional, religious and moral.
Some Aspects of Early Childhood Development:
1. Aspects of Cognitive Development
Stages of Cognitive Development according to Piaget's theory are: (1) sensorimotor stage, age 0-2 years. At this time the child's ability is limited to reflex motions, discussed early, the current time and space near the course, (2) pre-operational stage, ages 2-7 years. This period is a limited ability to receive stimulation. Children begin to develop language skills, although his thinking is static and can not abstract thinking, perception of time and space is limited, and (3) the concrete operational stage, 7-11 years.
At this stage the child is able to complete tasks combining, separating, preparing, lined, fold and divide; (4) formal operational stage, ages 11-15 years. At this time, the child is able to think a high level, capable of abstract thinking.
2. Aspects of Physical Development
Motor development is the development of physical movement control through nerve centers, nerves and muscles coordinated (Hurlock: 1998). Consists of the child's motor skills gross motor skills and fine motor skills. Motor skills of children aged 4-5 years more evolved on gross motor, after the age of 5 years baru.terjadi fine motor development.
At the age of 4 years children still love this kind of simple movements like prancing, jumping, and running to and fro, just for the sake of the activity itself but they were willing to take risks. Although they have been able to climb the stairs with one foot on each pole rung for some time, they just started to go down the same way.
At age 5 years, children are even more willing to take risks than when they are 4 years old. They are more confident doing terrible dexterity of an object such as climbing, running hard and like to compete with their peers and even their parents (Santrock, 1995: 225)
3. Aspects of Language Development
Hart & Risley (Morrow, 1993) said that the age of 2 years, the children produced an average of 338 speech that can be understood in every hour, more extensive coverage is between the range of 42 to 672. 2 years old children can use approximately 134 words on different clocks, with a range of 18 to 286.
Reading and writing are part of language learning. To be able to read and write, children need to know a few words and started to understand the sentence. By reading children are also more and more add to the vocabulary. Children can learn a language via tail to read the book aloud. This is done to teach children about the sounds of language.
source book:
Papalia, Diane E, Etc.. , 2008. Human Development (Developmental Psychology, AK Anwar translation). Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group
John W Santrock. , 1995. Life Span Development, Jakarta: PT Erland, 1995.
Sensitive period is a time of physical function and psychological maturity are ready to respond to the stimulation provided by the environment. This period is also the period of the foundation stone for developing cognitive abilities, motor, language, socio-emotional, religious and moral.
Some Aspects of Early Childhood Development:
1. Aspects of Cognitive Development
Stages of Cognitive Development according to Piaget's theory are: (1) sensorimotor stage, age 0-2 years. At this time the child's ability is limited to reflex motions, discussed early, the current time and space near the course, (2) pre-operational stage, ages 2-7 years. This period is a limited ability to receive stimulation. Children begin to develop language skills, although his thinking is static and can not abstract thinking, perception of time and space is limited, and (3) the concrete operational stage, 7-11 years.
At this stage the child is able to complete tasks combining, separating, preparing, lined, fold and divide; (4) formal operational stage, ages 11-15 years. At this time, the child is able to think a high level, capable of abstract thinking.
2. Aspects of Physical Development
Motor development is the development of physical movement control through nerve centers, nerves and muscles coordinated (Hurlock: 1998). Consists of the child's motor skills gross motor skills and fine motor skills. Motor skills of children aged 4-5 years more evolved on gross motor, after the age of 5 years baru.terjadi fine motor development.
At the age of 4 years children still love this kind of simple movements like prancing, jumping, and running to and fro, just for the sake of the activity itself but they were willing to take risks. Although they have been able to climb the stairs with one foot on each pole rung for some time, they just started to go down the same way.
At age 5 years, children are even more willing to take risks than when they are 4 years old. They are more confident doing terrible dexterity of an object such as climbing, running hard and like to compete with their peers and even their parents (Santrock, 1995: 225)
3. Aspects of Language Development
Hart & Risley (Morrow, 1993) said that the age of 2 years, the children produced an average of 338 speech that can be understood in every hour, more extensive coverage is between the range of 42 to 672. 2 years old children can use approximately 134 words on different clocks, with a range of 18 to 286.
Reading and writing are part of language learning. To be able to read and write, children need to know a few words and started to understand the sentence. By reading children are also more and more add to the vocabulary. Children can learn a language via tail to read the book aloud. This is done to teach children about the sounds of language.
source book:
Papalia, Diane E, Etc.. , 2008. Human Development (Developmental Psychology, AK Anwar translation). Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group
John W Santrock. , 1995. Life Span Development, Jakarta: PT Erland, 1995.
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(12410080) Uswatun Chasanah
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