Adventure with Brain
Sabtu, 19 Oktober 2013
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The
human brain is the last unexplored area and the largest ... the most complex
object in the universe, which we had not yet explored - James Watson
How
does the brain to process the information so received by it? Is the question
ever comes to mind you? let's explore more about the cognitive neuronistik so
we were a little more familiar with the questions raised above.
Neuronistik
is a cognitive approach in cognitive psychology that focuses on the study of
the brain. Humans have always had a curiosity about what lies beneath the
ground, at sea, and in space. This world we live in is a big place and has a
complicated geographical dimension, while the human brain is a small object
(like a soft structure know, it weighs only about three pounds) but his ability
to process information as infinite. The human brain's ability to perform the
calculation analysis of sensory signals and understanding (including an
understanding of this world) really complicated. All our perceptions ranging from
love to hate and everything that we do from swinging a baseball bat to play the
guitar derived from neuronal activities. Let's find out amazing things about
the physical characteristics and functions of the brain. Well, things that we
named as the brain has physical characteristics. The brain is composed of
neurons. The brain is always working, never resting, and always filled with
electrochemical activity. Nevertheless, the architectural structure is
relatively stable brain. For example, networks of neurons, the location of the
cortex, the position of the brain areas that control sensory experience,
motoric control, and vision, almost-almost unchanged. Processing that occurs in
it is the brain-mind-that takes place dynamically. Dynamic state of mind, which
is constantly changing, presumably is what inspired William James to equate the
mind is inherently dynamic, the mind also has consistency: the way we think in
general, our attitude toward religion, our ideals, our view of the relative
family stable. We now know that our central nervous system (central nervous
system / CNS) is not solely composed of filaments or mere fluid. CNS consists
of the spinal cord and brain, but our discussion centered only on the brain,
especially in the structure and processes that take place in it. Basic elements
forming the CNS is the neuron, a specialized cell that transmits information
throughout the nervous system. The human brain is composed of neurons that mass
is very dense. Some experts estimate the number of neurons in the human brain
exceeds 100 billion (roughly equal to the number of stars in the Milky Way). Each
neuron is able to receive and transmit neural implus to thousands of other
neurons. This system is more complicated than the whole system in this
universe. Every inch of human cerebral cortex neurons containing about 10,000
miles, which interconnect cells Blakemore, 1977. There are four main sections
in the neuron:
1.
Dendrites, which receive neural implus from other neurons. Dendrites is shaped
like a tree (arborized), complete with branches and twigs.
2.
Body cells, which are responsible for maintaining the basic conditions neurons.
SSEL body (cell body) receive nutrients and eliminate waste by filtering
organic waste permabel.
3.
Axons (axons), which is a long tubular track, which connects the cell body to
other cells through junctions called synapses kind. Axons in the brain may be
microscopic, but can reach a length of one meter or more. Large axons
surrounded by a fatty substance called myelin sheath (myelin sheath), which
acts as an insulator that speeds neural transmission implus.
4.
Axons ended in presynaptic terminals. These terminals
located near the surface denddrit on other neurons (which are receptive).
Although not directly related, prasinaptik terminals and dendrites form
synapses together.
The
human brain is divided into two similar struktu, the left and right cerebral
hemispheres. Both hemispheres is enveloped by a layer of the cerebral cortex,
the thin material and the kind of wet, gray, which was packed neuron cell
bodies and axons of short-myelin sheathed. The entire human pikliran,
sensation, language processing, and other cognitive functions take place in the
cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex is a thin layer of smooth and packed with
groups of cells that perform these functions by a layman regarded as
"brain function" (such as thinking). In fact, cognition (perception,
memory, problem solving, language processing) involves a lot of areas in the
brain, and keep in mind that the various body structures and the important and
complex cognitive depend on the parts of the brain. In humans, the cerebral
cortex involved in perception, speaking, complex actions, thinking, language
processing and production, and other processes that make us different from
other mammals. The cerebral cortex is divided into four main parts, which is
characterized by cracks (fissures) major. These four areas are:
1.
Frontal lobe, is involved in the control section implus, judgment (judgment),
problem solving, and implementation of behavioral control, and complex
organization.
2.
Temporal lobe, part of this process the signals audiotori, auditory, processing
audiotori high level (speech), facial recognition.
3.
Parietal lobe, this section integrates sensory information from the senses, object
manipulation, visual-spatial processing.
4.
Occipital lobe, the part involved in visual processing, which receive visual
information from the retina, process that information and send it to the
relevant areas. Also called the occipital lobe cortex striat. Motoric areas in
each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body movement (left
hemisphere controls the right side of the body motion, and vice versa).
The
human nervous system and fully automatic machines have in common is a very
basic, ie, both are tools that make decisions. -Norbert Weiner A few adventures
along the brain. Although his discussion just may be useful for the reader.
Sources:
Solso, Robert L et al. (2007). Cognitive Psychology. Erland. Jakarta.
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