Career and Employment
Jumat, 18 Oktober 2013
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Career and
Employment
Theories of career development
There are three main theories that describe how an individual to select a career-high
1 ) Development Theory Ginzberg
Developmental theory of career choice (developmental theory of career choice) is of the view Eli Ginzberg theory which states that individuals go through three phases of career choice that is fantasy , tentative , and realistic . Ginzberg argues that until the age of approximately 11 years , the children are still in the phase of the selection of fantasy career began 11 to 17 years and adolescents are in a tentative phase in the selection of a career , a phase transition from fantasy in children towards a realistic decision-making in young adulthood . He believes that the youth is progressing from assessing their interest ( aged 11 -12 years ) to assess the ability of their age ( age 13-14 years ) to assess their values ( age 15-16 years ) . Changes in the subjective way of thinking to a more realistic career choice occurs at about age 17 to 18 years . Period of 17-18 years to the early 20s called Ginzberg phase of a realistic career choice . In this phase , the individual explores broader career there , then focusing on specific career and finally choose a particular job .
2 ) Theory of Self-Concept Super
Self-concept theory of career ( the career self -concept theory) Super Donald was the view that the concept of the individual plays a principal role in career selection . Super believe many developmental changes in self-concept of the work going on at the time of adolescents and young adults .
First at the age of 14-18 years , adolescents develop ideas about work related to global self-concept that they already have . In this phase called kristalisasai ( Crystallization ) . While between the ages of 18 and 22 years , they narrow down the selection of a career and start a behavior that allows them to enter some type of career herein referred to as the specialization phase ( specification ) . Between the ages of 21 and 24 years , young adults completing their education and training and enter the workforce are called here in the implementation phase ( implementation) . The decision to mmeilih and fit with a particular career is made between the ages of 25 and 35 years , called the stabilization ( stabilization ) . Finally , after 35 years of age individuals trying to advance your career and achieve higher status positions and in this phase is called consolidation ( consolidation) .
3 ) Holland Personality Type Theory
Type theory of personality ( personality type theory) is a view of the work of theorists , John Holland is that it is important to build the relationship or fit between an individual 's personality type and the selection of a particular career . Holland believes that when individuals find the career that fits with his personality , they are more likely to enjoy work and survive in his job longer than those who work on their job that does not fit with their personality .
Here Holland proposed six basic personality types associated with careers that :
1 ) Realistic ie, individuals who have an interest in this kind of work is more like outdoor activities and work in their manual activities . They often do not socialize , have difficulty in demanding situations and prefer to work alone or with people who have similar interests type . List type of work is more realistic according to the job positions such as truck drivers , laborers , construction workers etc. .
2 ) Investigative namely the type that is more interested in ideas than people . Do not like social relationships and being distracted by a very emotional situation , and customarily viewed by others as a loner and very intelligent . Most of the scientific profession -oriented intellectuals fall into this category .
3 ) Artisik the type that has a creative orientation . People here enjoy bekeerja with ideas and materials to express dirinnya in a new way . Artisik types often do not have the taste for conformity , really appreciate the freedom and ambiguity , and also saw strong terkadan difficulties in interpersonal relationships . However, the existence of relatively little work artisic , compared with the number of individuals included in this artisic type . Therefore , people with type miraculous result this artisic choose a career to be number two / three and more show their artisic trend in hobbies and activities in leisure time .
4 ) the social orientation towards work for and with others . Social type is more likely to have a helping orientation . Showed stronger interest to people than on intellectual goals , and often have a personal relationship skills are very good . apparently they have good capital to enter the profession most associated with people such as : teaching , social work , counseling and the like . Social type also has a high level of prestige .
5 ) Entrepreneurs are also the type of people-oriented than on things or ideas . Such individuals will tend to dominate others , especially when they want to reach purpose . Thus , people with this type of clever work in organizing others to achieve a goal . Their abilities include the ability to persuade others to do things and adopt their own attitudes and choices . This type is more suited to a career as a sales force , management and politics .
6 ) Conventional namely the type that usually works best in a structured environment and work well and trained with the work that requires precision . Individuals with this type is more like working with numbers and not administrative tasks like working with ideas da man . This type is suitable to work as : bank teller , secretary and typist documents .
In the early period of adult development , here is a selection of the start of the career and work . Start thinking about the future that must be taken after complete education . Start thinking what is the appropriate career and job matching self with personality . But it is still a lot of possibilities here future - time confused by all the options . Due to early adulthood is a period of transition from adolescence to older levels are required to be more mature .
Reference : Santrock , John W. (2002 ) . Life - Span Development.Jakarta : Erlangga
Theories of career development
There are three main theories that describe how an individual to select a career-high
1 ) Development Theory Ginzberg
Developmental theory of career choice (developmental theory of career choice) is of the view Eli Ginzberg theory which states that individuals go through three phases of career choice that is fantasy , tentative , and realistic . Ginzberg argues that until the age of approximately 11 years , the children are still in the phase of the selection of fantasy career began 11 to 17 years and adolescents are in a tentative phase in the selection of a career , a phase transition from fantasy in children towards a realistic decision-making in young adulthood . He believes that the youth is progressing from assessing their interest ( aged 11 -12 years ) to assess the ability of their age ( age 13-14 years ) to assess their values ( age 15-16 years ) . Changes in the subjective way of thinking to a more realistic career choice occurs at about age 17 to 18 years . Period of 17-18 years to the early 20s called Ginzberg phase of a realistic career choice . In this phase , the individual explores broader career there , then focusing on specific career and finally choose a particular job .
2 ) Theory of Self-Concept Super
Self-concept theory of career ( the career self -concept theory) Super Donald was the view that the concept of the individual plays a principal role in career selection . Super believe many developmental changes in self-concept of the work going on at the time of adolescents and young adults .
First at the age of 14-18 years , adolescents develop ideas about work related to global self-concept that they already have . In this phase called kristalisasai ( Crystallization ) . While between the ages of 18 and 22 years , they narrow down the selection of a career and start a behavior that allows them to enter some type of career herein referred to as the specialization phase ( specification ) . Between the ages of 21 and 24 years , young adults completing their education and training and enter the workforce are called here in the implementation phase ( implementation) . The decision to mmeilih and fit with a particular career is made between the ages of 25 and 35 years , called the stabilization ( stabilization ) . Finally , after 35 years of age individuals trying to advance your career and achieve higher status positions and in this phase is called consolidation ( consolidation) .
3 ) Holland Personality Type Theory
Type theory of personality ( personality type theory) is a view of the work of theorists , John Holland is that it is important to build the relationship or fit between an individual 's personality type and the selection of a particular career . Holland believes that when individuals find the career that fits with his personality , they are more likely to enjoy work and survive in his job longer than those who work on their job that does not fit with their personality .
Here Holland proposed six basic personality types associated with careers that :
1 ) Realistic ie, individuals who have an interest in this kind of work is more like outdoor activities and work in their manual activities . They often do not socialize , have difficulty in demanding situations and prefer to work alone or with people who have similar interests type . List type of work is more realistic according to the job positions such as truck drivers , laborers , construction workers etc. .
2 ) Investigative namely the type that is more interested in ideas than people . Do not like social relationships and being distracted by a very emotional situation , and customarily viewed by others as a loner and very intelligent . Most of the scientific profession -oriented intellectuals fall into this category .
3 ) Artisik the type that has a creative orientation . People here enjoy bekeerja with ideas and materials to express dirinnya in a new way . Artisik types often do not have the taste for conformity , really appreciate the freedom and ambiguity , and also saw strong terkadan difficulties in interpersonal relationships . However, the existence of relatively little work artisic , compared with the number of individuals included in this artisic type . Therefore , people with type miraculous result this artisic choose a career to be number two / three and more show their artisic trend in hobbies and activities in leisure time .
4 ) the social orientation towards work for and with others . Social type is more likely to have a helping orientation . Showed stronger interest to people than on intellectual goals , and often have a personal relationship skills are very good . apparently they have good capital to enter the profession most associated with people such as : teaching , social work , counseling and the like . Social type also has a high level of prestige .
5 ) Entrepreneurs are also the type of people-oriented than on things or ideas . Such individuals will tend to dominate others , especially when they want to reach purpose . Thus , people with this type of clever work in organizing others to achieve a goal . Their abilities include the ability to persuade others to do things and adopt their own attitudes and choices . This type is more suited to a career as a sales force , management and politics .
6 ) Conventional namely the type that usually works best in a structured environment and work well and trained with the work that requires precision . Individuals with this type is more like working with numbers and not administrative tasks like working with ideas da man . This type is suitable to work as : bank teller , secretary and typist documents .
In the early period of adult development , here is a selection of the start of the career and work . Start thinking about the future that must be taken after complete education . Start thinking what is the appropriate career and job matching self with personality . But it is still a lot of possibilities here future - time confused by all the options . Due to early adulthood is a period of transition from adolescence to older levels are required to be more mature .
Reference : Santrock , John W. (2002 ) . Life - Span Development.Jakarta : Erlangga
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